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目的：分析新生儿呼吸衰竭的病因，以期减少其发病率。方法：对我院１９９３年３月～１９９８年３月收住的１２５例新生儿呼吸衰竭患儿进行了回顾性分析。结果：以呼吸系统疾病最多，共９８例（７８４％），肺炎８１例（６４８％），其中吸入性肺炎４４例（３５２％），感染性肺炎３７例（２９６％）。肺透明膜病１１例（８８％），湿肺３例（２４％），肺不张、膈膨出、纵隔疝各１例（２４％）。神经系统疾病２１例（１６８％），颅内出血１０例（８％），呼吸暂停１１例（８８％），其中原发性呼吸暂停４例，继发性呼吸暂停７例。先天性心脏病６例（４８％）。根据病因分析，新生儿呼衰与围产因素密切相关者７８例，占６２４％，其中宫内窘迫和出生时窒息的因素最多，其次是早产、异常分娩和产前、产程感染。结论：做好围产期保健是减少新生儿呼吸衰竭发病率的根本。为此提出预防的有关措施。
Objective: To analyze the etiology of neonatal respiratory failure in order to reduce its incidence. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 125 neonates with respiratory failure admitted to our hospital from March 1993 to March 1998. Results: The most common respiratory diseases were as follows: 98 cases (784%), 81 cases (648%) of pneumonia, including 44 cases (352%) of aspiration pneumonia and 37 cases of infectious pneumonia (296) %). Hyaline membrane disease in 11 cases (8 8%), 3 cases of wet lung (2 4%), atelectasis, diaphragmatic bulging, mediastinal hernia in 1 case (2 4%). There were 21 cases (16.8%) of neurological diseases, 10 cases (8%) of intracranial hemorrhage and 11 cases (88%) of apnea, including 4 cases of primary apnea and 7 cases of secondary apnea. Six cases of congenital heart disease (4 8%). According to etiological analysis, neonatal respiratory failure and perinatal factors are closely related to 78 cases, accounting for 62 4%, of which intrauterine distress and birth asphyxia most of the factors, followed by premature birth, abnormal delivery and prenatal, labor infection. Conclusion: Good perinatal care is the basis for reducing the incidence of neonatal respiratory failure. To this end put forward the preventive measures.