挖掘机的使用可靠性和寿命在很大程度上取决于其零件的耐磨性。多数零件因其不耐磨和很快损坏而使寿命受到限制。由于零件耐磨性不够,使检修的次数和工作量增加,用于挖掘机的修理和停工上的材料和劳动的消耗大大增加。要创造运转可靠的挖掘机、合理设计零件和选择其材料、计算结构总的和保用的工作期限,在缺乏有关机器零件磨损形式和磨损强度的数据的情况下是很困难的,或者是不可能的。影响零件磨损形式与磨损强度的因素在很大程度上取决于结构和工作条件,首先是落在零件摩擦表面上的磨料介质的作用、负载的大小及滑移速度。单斗挖掘机零件磨损的主要形式是磨料磨损(具有极为明显的粗糙形状)和工作表面金属的体积塑性变形而引起的磨损。挖掘机零件的磨损在极少的程度上是由于表面层的脆性断裂和卡住。前一种磨损是由 The reliability and longevity of the excavator depends very much on the wear resistance of its parts. Most parts are limited in durability due to their wear resistance and rapid damage. As parts wear resistance is not enough, so that the number of maintenance and increased workload for the excavator repair and downtime material and labor consumption greatly increased. It is difficult or inefficient to create a reliable excavator, to reasonably design parts and select their materials, to calculate the total and guaranteed operating life of the structure, in the absence of data on the form and wear strength of machine parts possible. The factors that affect the wear form and wear strength of a part depend largely on the structure and working conditions, primarily the effect of the abrasive medium that falls on the friction surface of the part, the size of the load, and the slip speed. The main forms of wear of single-bucket excavator parts are abrasive wear (with a very pronounced rough shape) and wear due to volumetric plastic deformation of the working surface metal. The wear of excavator parts is, to a very small extent, due to the brittle fracture and jamming of the surface layer. The first kind of wear is by