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采用简单的空气氧化法由实心炭微球制备中空结构的炭微球。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜、X-射线衍射仪、拉曼光谱和热重分析仪对产物的形貌和结构进行表征。结果表明:中空炭微球的石墨化程度较低。在炭微球的空气热氧化过程中,反应温度对炭微球从实心到中空的结构演变起着关键性的作用,温度越高,中空炭微球的内径越大、壁越薄。其形成机理可认为是炭微球的曲率和结晶度协同作用的结果。亦即,实心炭微球进行热氧化时,其内部的大曲率和低结晶度更易氧化,以致形成中空炭微球。
Hollow structured carbon microspheres were prepared from solid carbon microspheres by a simple air oxidation method. The morphology and structure of the product were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that hollow carbon microspheres have low degree of graphitization. In the process of air thermal oxidation of carbon microspheres, the reaction temperature plays a key role in the structural evolution of carbon microspheres from solid to hollow. The higher the temperature, the larger the inner diameter of hollow carbon microspheres and the thinner the wall. Its formation mechanism can be considered as a result of the synergistic effect of the curvature and crystallinity of the carbon microspheres. That is, when the solid carbon microspheres are thermally oxidized, their large internal curvature and low crystallinity are more easily oxidized, so that hollow carbon microspheres are formed.