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大卫.布鲁尔(David.Bloor)是科学知识社会学研究中的爱丁堡学派的主要人物,他所提出的强纲领原则对于科学知识社会学的理论的建立和发展产生了重要的影响。强纲领原则旨在对包括科学知识在内的一切知识或信念体系,不论真的假的,合理的还是不合理的,成功的还是不成功的,社会学方法都能对之进行描述,其中包括数学与逻辑。能否用因果关系对数学知识进行说明是布鲁尔的强纲领原则坚持所要面临的一大障碍。布鲁尔在解释逻辑和数学的社会成因的思想路线上继承与发展了密尔的心理学主义,提出在数学知识的形成过程中,心理学过程与社会学过程一起发挥着重要的作用。数学是社会建构的,数学不仅具有文化相对性,社会的“协商”在数学知识形成与发展中扮演着重要的角色,从而以社会学纬度对数学的本性进行了别开生面的探讨。
David.Bloor is the main figure of Edinburgh School in the study of sociology of scientific knowledge. The principle of strong program he put forward has an important influence on the establishment and development of the theory of sociology of scientific knowledge. The strong program principle is intended to describe all the systems of knowledge or belief, including scientific knowledge, whether true, reasonable or unreasonable, successful or unsuccessful, as described in sociological methods, including Mathematics and logic. Whether Causality can be used to explain mathematical knowledge is Brewer’s strong program principles adhere to the major obstacles to be faced. Brewer inherited and developed Mill’s psychology from the ideological line that explains the social causes of logic and mathematics. He proposed that psychology plays an important role in the formation of mathematical knowledge together with the sociological process. Mathematics is constructed by society. Mathematics not only has the relativity of culture, but also plays an important role in the formation and development of mathematical knowledge. Therefore, the nature of mathematics has been explored with the latitude of sociology.