科尔针对西欧建构主义的过激倾向 ,提出了一种“实在论的建构主义”。这种理论既承认科学知识是社会地制造出来的 ,又承认自然界对科学知识的作用。科尔认为要说明社会和自然界在知识形成中的作用 ,必须区分“核心知识”和“外围知识” ,在此基础上对它们进行具体的考察 ,并注重经验分析的作用 In response to the overly aggressive Western constructivism, Cole put forward a “constructivism of realism.” This theory not only acknowledges that scientific knowledge is created socially, but also acknowledges the role of nature in scientific knowledge. Cole believes that to explain the role of society and nature in the formation of knowledge, we must distinguish between “core knowledge” and “peripheral knowledge”, on the basis of which we conduct a detailed investigation and pay attention to the role of empirical analysis