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金属锈蚀使国民经济受到很大的损失。初步计算,苏联每年金属锈蚀所造成的直接损失达130～140亿卢布。发生事故、设备停产的损失和其它原因引起金属腐蚀损坏所造成的总损失超过锈蚀直接损失的1～2倍。铁路运输部门每年金属锈蚀所造成的直接损失和总损失估计为2亿和6亿卢布。最近将使用专门制定的方法详细计算这些损失。这一方法考虑到了机车车辆和桥梁结构上金属的使用条件及其修理消耗。研究表明,锈蚀的产生和发展是由于金属的成分和金相组织不同、高湿度大气的侵蚀、雨、露的浸淋、运送腐蚀性货物(盐和矿物肥料等)的污染所造成的。列车运行时
Metal corrosion so that the national economy suffered a great loss. According to preliminary calculations, the annual direct losses caused by the Soviet Union’s metal corrosion reached 130-140 billion rubles. The total loss due to accidents, equipment shutdown and other causes caused by metal corrosion damage exceeds 1 ~ 2 times the direct loss of corrosion. The direct losses and total losses caused by the annual metal corrosion of the railway transport sector are estimated at 200 million and 600 million rubles. These losses will be calculated in more detail using specially formulated methods. This method takes into account the conditions of use of metal on rolling stock and bridge structures and their repair costs. The results show that the corrosion is caused by the composition and microstructure of the metal, the erosion of high humidity atmosphere, the leaching of rain and dew, the transportation of corrosive goods (salts and mineral fertilizers, etc.). When the train is running