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摘要：虚拟语气是英语学习者的难点之一。由于中英思维方式的不同，汉语中没有对应的表达方式，初学者更不习惯，尤其是不能正确掌握虚拟语气的动词变化形式。鉴于此，本文从学习策略上提出了简化的规则，解决了学习者不能应接的繁杂的虚拟语气动词形式变化的规则的问题。
关键词：虚拟语气 动词形式 简化策略
虚拟语气是英语学习的重点，也是难点，而且还是各级各类考试的热点。由于英语随说话人的意思（思维方式）不同，所以谓语动词需用不同的形式。我们称之为语气，英语中有3种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气，虚拟语气。前俩种比较好理解，实际上，虚拟语气是谓语动词在时态，语态上的诸多变化形式。其动词变化形式的简化策略是：
从句一般过去表将来（和现在），主句就用情态+原形；从句过去完成表过去，主句多用情态+have done。
意思是：虚拟语气的从句要用一般过去时表示将来和现在的虚拟假设，而用过去完成时表示过去的虚拟假设；主句分别用would（should,could,might）+ do，would（should,could,might）+ have done。我们着重分析从句。具体如下：
一 非真实条件句（虚拟语气）
真实条件句和非真实条件句：前者表达的假设是可能发生和实现的（用实际的时态和语态），后者表示的假设是不可能，不大可能或与事实相反的假设（用虚拟语气）。
1.一般过去时表与现在事实相反的假设
If条件句的谓语形式用： 一般过去时did,were表示现在
主句谓语动词形式则用：(would,should,could,might)+do
e.g. If I had time ,（现在的情况用had）I would learn more.
If I were you, I would pass the exam.
2.一般过去时表与将来事实相反的假设
If条件句的谓语时态用：一般过去时did, were to, should（shall的过去时）+do表示将来
主句谓语动词形式用 ：(would,should,could,might)+do
e.g. If I were to visit Australia next spring, I would buy something for you.
If I could pass the exam in the next year,I would invite you to have dinner.
3.过去完成时表与过去事实相反的假设
If条件句的谓语时态用：过去完成时had+done表示过去
主句谓语动词形式则用：（would,should,could,might）+have+done
e.g. If we had caught the 10 o’clock train,we would have got there.
If I had know your telephone number,I would have called you
.
我们发现，If虚拟条件句谓语时态符合口诀：一般过去表将来和现在（如１和２），过去完成表过去（如３）。主句分别用would（should,could,might）+ do，would（should,could,might）+ have done。
二 虚拟语气在一些从句中
由下面几个短语（学生经常出错）引导的从句谓语部分更符合口诀：一般过去表将来（和现在），过去完成表过去。
1)wish引导的从句：
e.g. I wishthe day were over.（一般过去表将来）
I wished I had went to college.
2)would rather引导的从句：
e.g. I would rather you realized your mistake now .
I would rather you had taken my advice.
3)as if,as though引导的从句：
e.g.She speaks as if she knew everything.
He looks as if he had known everything.
4)It is/was time that引导的从句：
e.g.It’s time that you finished your work now.
It was time we had studyed how to solve such a question.
三 含蓄条件句
若不用If条件从句而用其他方式表示假设，这样的句子是含蓄条件句。其实转换一下还符合口诀：从句一般过去表将来（和现在），主句就用情态+原形；从句过去完成表过去，主句多用情态+have done。
含蓄条件句由without,but for, otherwise,but等引出。例如：
1) I might have failed without your help. (= I might have failed if you hadn’t helped me)
2）But for your advice,I would have missed the opportunity. (= If it hadn’t been your advice,I would have missed the opportunity.)
3）I could have learn computer, but I was in Beijing on business. (=I could have learn computer,If I hadn’t been in Beijing on business.)
总而言之，无论什么情况，使用虚拟语气都可以灵活使用以上的口诀判断其谓语动词的形式。
[参考文献]
[1]章振邦.新编英语语法教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社，2003.12.
[2]薄冰.英语语法[M].北京:开明出版社，2005.1.
[3]常春藤英语考试研究组.英语专业四级完形填空•语法与词汇指南[M].上海：上海交通大学出版社，2005.7.
关键词：虚拟语气 动词形式 简化策略
虚拟语气是英语学习的重点，也是难点，而且还是各级各类考试的热点。由于英语随说话人的意思（思维方式）不同，所以谓语动词需用不同的形式。我们称之为语气，英语中有3种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气，虚拟语气。前俩种比较好理解，实际上，虚拟语气是谓语动词在时态，语态上的诸多变化形式。其动词变化形式的简化策略是：
从句一般过去表将来（和现在），主句就用情态+原形；从句过去完成表过去，主句多用情态+have done。
意思是：虚拟语气的从句要用一般过去时表示将来和现在的虚拟假设，而用过去完成时表示过去的虚拟假设；主句分别用would（should,could,might）+ do，would（should,could,might）+ have done。我们着重分析从句。具体如下：
一 非真实条件句（虚拟语气）
真实条件句和非真实条件句：前者表达的假设是可能发生和实现的（用实际的时态和语态），后者表示的假设是不可能，不大可能或与事实相反的假设（用虚拟语气）。
1.一般过去时表与现在事实相反的假设
If条件句的谓语形式用： 一般过去时did,were表示现在
主句谓语动词形式则用：(would,should,could,might)+do
e.g. If I had time ,（现在的情况用had）I would learn more.
If I were you, I would pass the exam.
2.一般过去时表与将来事实相反的假设
If条件句的谓语时态用：一般过去时did, were to, should（shall的过去时）+do表示将来
主句谓语动词形式用 ：(would,should,could,might)+do
e.g. If I were to visit Australia next spring, I would buy something for you.
If I could pass the exam in the next year,I would invite you to have dinner.
3.过去完成时表与过去事实相反的假设
If条件句的谓语时态用：过去完成时had+done表示过去
主句谓语动词形式则用：（would,should,could,might）+have+done
e.g. If we had caught the 10 o’clock train,we would have got there.
If I had know your telephone number,I would have called you
.
我们发现，If虚拟条件句谓语时态符合口诀：一般过去表将来和现在（如１和２），过去完成表过去（如３）。主句分别用would（should,could,might）+ do，would（should,could,might）+ have done。
二 虚拟语气在一些从句中
由下面几个短语（学生经常出错）引导的从句谓语部分更符合口诀：一般过去表将来（和现在），过去完成表过去。
1)wish引导的从句：
e.g. I wishthe day were over.（一般过去表将来）
I wished I had went to college.
2)would rather引导的从句：
e.g. I would rather you realized your mistake now .
I would rather you had taken my advice.
3)as if,as though引导的从句：
e.g.She speaks as if she knew everything.
He looks as if he had known everything.
4)It is/was time that引导的从句：
e.g.It’s time that you finished your work now.
It was time we had studyed how to solve such a question.
三 含蓄条件句
若不用If条件从句而用其他方式表示假设，这样的句子是含蓄条件句。其实转换一下还符合口诀：从句一般过去表将来（和现在），主句就用情态+原形；从句过去完成表过去，主句多用情态+have done。
含蓄条件句由without,but for, otherwise,but等引出。例如：
1) I might have failed without your help. (= I might have failed if you hadn’t helped me)
2）But for your advice,I would have missed the opportunity. (= If it hadn’t been your advice,I would have missed the opportunity.)
3）I could have learn computer, but I was in Beijing on business. (=I could have learn computer,If I hadn’t been in Beijing on business.)
总而言之，无论什么情况，使用虚拟语气都可以灵活使用以上的口诀判断其谓语动词的形式。
[参考文献]
[1]章振邦.新编英语语法教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社，2003.12.
[2]薄冰.英语语法[M].北京:开明出版社，2005.1.
[3]常春藤英语考试研究组.英语专业四级完形填空•语法与词汇指南[M].上海：上海交通大学出版社，2005.7.