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一、能源的供给结构和使用方向西德虽有丰富的能源,但因本国耗用量大,还不能自给,约半数要靠进口。1985年初级能源供应折合标准燃料煤计算共38520万吨,其中石油15930万吨,占41.1%;硬煤7930万吨,占20.6%;褐煤3600万吨,占9.3%;天然气5970万吨,占15.5%;核燃料4120万吨,占10.7%;其它970万吨,占2.5%。石油和天然气主要靠进口。60年代由中东进口的石油多,约占80—90%;70年代石油危机以后,为了摆脱中东石油的影响,从多国进口石油,进口石油的结构起了很大变化:非洲进口油占41%,西欧油占33%;中东来油下降到只占12%。天然气主要来自荷兰(占34%)和苏联(占24%),本
First, the structure of energy supply and the direction of use Although West Germany has a wealth of energy, but because of the country’s large consumption, it can not be self-sufficient, about half rely on imports. In 1985, the primary energy supply equivalent to standard fuel coal was calculated to be 35.2 million tons, of which 159.3 million tons was petroleum, accounting for 41.1%; hard coal was 79.3 million tons, accounting for 20.6%; brown coal was 36 million tons, accounting for 9.3%; natural gas was 59.7 million tons. 15.5%; nuclear fuel is 41.20 million tons, accounting for 10.7%; other 9.7 million tons, accounting for 2.5%. Oil and natural gas are mainly imported. In the 1960s, most of the oil imported from the Middle East accounted for 80-90%; after the oil crisis of the 1970s, in order to get rid of the impact of the oil in the Middle East, the structure of imported oil has changed greatly from many countries: African oil imports accounted for 41% Oil in Western Europe accounted for 33%; in the Middle East, oil fell to only 12%. Natural gas comes mainly from the Netherlands (34%) and the Soviet Union (24%).