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目的:了解海南州2014年—2016年麻疹流行病学特征,为制定本地区有效的麻疹防控措施提供依据。方法:通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集报告的2014年—2016年麻疹监测数据,采取描述流行病学方法对麻疹病例进行详细分析。结果:调查结果显示海南州2014年—2016年共报告麻疹160例,分别为2014年报告43例,报告发病率为8.95/10万;2015年报告92例,报告发病率为19.36/10万;2016年报告25例,报告发病率为5.28/10万;无重症和死亡病例报告。对全州2014年—2016年麻疹发病率进行比较,差异无统计学意义(2=2.757,P>0.05)。结论:海南州2014年—2016年麻疹发病有明显的季节性特征和年龄性别的差异。0岁组~2岁组散居儿童和未经过麻疹疫苗接种的成人是防控工作的重点人群,提示要继续加强麻疹类疫苗的接种力度,消除适龄儿童的免疫空白,并加强麻疹知识的健康教育工作,注重其居住环境卫生和个人卫生条件的改善,以控制麻疹疫情的进一步发生和流行。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles from 2014 to 2016 in Hainan Province and provide the basis for effective measles prevention and control measures in this area. Methods: The reported measles surveillance data from 2014 to 2016 were collected by China CDC and the descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the measles cases in detail. Results: According to the survey, 160 cases of measles were reported from 2014 to 2016 in Hainan Province, 43 were reported in 2014 and 8.95 / 100,000 respectively in 2014; 92 cases were reported in 2015, with a reported incidence of 19.36 / 100 000; 25 cases were reported in 2016, with a reported incidence rate of 5.28 / 100,000; no cases of severe or death were reported. There was no significant difference in the incidence of measles between 2014 and 2016 (2 = 2.757, P> 0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of measles in Hainan from 2014 to 2016 has obvious seasonal characteristics and age-gender differences. 0-year-old ~ 2-year-old group of diaspora and non-measles vaccination of adults is the focus of prevention and control of the population, suggesting that we should continue to strengthen the vaccination of measles vaccine to eliminate immunological gaps in children of school-age children, and to strengthen the health education of measles knowledge Work, paying attention to the improvement of living environment and personal hygiene conditions in order to control the further occurrence and prevalence of the measles epidemic.