公民的基本权利,体现了公民同国家的关系,这种关系表现在政治、经济、文化等社会生活的各个领域.公民享有的权利及实现的程度反映着他们在国家、社会生活中的地位.作为民主制度法律化的根本法—宪法如何对公民的基本权利进行保障,是近现代成文宪法诞生后一个长久不衰的话题,在该种意义上,宪法又常常被称为公民权利的保障书.二十世纪以前,世界各国宪法大多着重于对国家制度予以规范,以消极限制政府的权力.二十世纪以后,特别是二次世界大战以来,西方资本主义国家为了缓和阶级矛盾,巩固其统治,在宪法中规定保障公民的社会经济文化权利的条文增多.社会主义制度是消灭了人剥削人的制度,人民 The basic rights of citizens reflect the relationship between citizens and the state, which is manifested in all fields of social life such as politics, economy and culture, etc. The rights and the degree of realization enjoyed by citizens reflect their position in the state and society. As the Fundamental Law of the Legalization of Democracy - How the Constitution guarantees the basic rights of citizens is a long-standing topic after the birth of modern written constitution. In this sense, the constitution is often referred to as the guarantee of citizen’s rights. Before the twentieth century, the constitutions of all countries in the world mostly focused on regulating the state system to negatively limit the power of the government.After the 20th century, especially since the Second World War, the western capitalist countries, in order to ease class conflicts and consolidate their rule, In the Constitution, there are more provisions that guarantee the social, economic and cultural rights of citizens. The socialist system is a system that has eliminated human exploitation and the people