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通过大田试验研究了北疆地区膜下滴灌对风沙土盐分变化和棉花产量的影响。结果表明:棉花全生育期膜下滴灌处理0-100 cm土层平均含盐量以滴头处最低,棉花窄行间次之,膜间最高。随着滴灌定额的增加,0-100 cm土层土壤盐分含量下降,且各部位土壤含盐量差异变小。滴灌量2 850 m3/hm2的处理膜内滴头处土壤脱盐明显,但棉花窄行间、膜间明显聚盐,平均积盐率12.90%;滴灌量3 900 m3/hm2的处理膜内滴头下、棉花窄行间脱盐效果好于膜间,平均脱盐率11.88%;滴灌量4 950 m3/hm2的处理不同部位土壤盐分淋洗效果均较好,平均脱盐率34.03%;灌水量4 950 m3/hm2的沟灌处理棉花行间的土壤盐分含量高于沟底,平均积盐率为25.68%。膜下滴灌各处理棉花产量比沟灌分别增加13.63%,37.65%和22.66%,水分利用效率分别增加89.18%,71.63%和23.05%。
Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of drip irrigation under mulch in northern Xinjiang on changes in salt content and cotton yield in aeolian sandy soil. The results showed that the average salinity of 0-100 cm layer in the drip irrigation under the film during the whole growth period of cotton was lowest at the drip head, followed by the narrower width of cotton, and highest in the membrane. With the increase of drip irrigation quota, the soil salt content in 0-100 cm soil layer decreased, and the difference of soil salt content in each area became smaller. The desalination of soil in drip irrigation with drip irrigation of 2 850 m3 / hm2 was obvious, but there was obvious poly salt in the narrow row of cotton with the average salt accumulation rate of 12.90%; drip irrigation of 3 900 m3 / hm2 , The desalination effect between narrower cotton lines was better than that between membranes, and the average desalination rate was 11.88%. The effect of soil salinities in different parts of drip irrigation at 4 950 m3 / hm2 was better with the average desalination rate of 34.03% and the irrigation volume of 4 950 m3 The soil salinity content of cotton / hm2 irrigation was higher than that of the ditch, and the average salt accumulation rate was 25.68%. Compared with furrow irrigation, the yield of cotton under drip irrigation under mulch increased by 13.63%, 37.65% and 22.66%, and the water use efficiency increased by 89.18%, 71.63% and 23.05% respectively.