通过粘液纤毛清除作用,从气管支气管树中除去吸入的颗粒、内源性细胞碎屑和过多的分泌物,是呼吸道最重要的防御功能之一。有效的清除作用需要足够数量的纤毛,以适当的速率和一致的方向协调地摆动,并需与粘液的理化性质相互作用,使之起转运物质的作用。整个气管支气管树(直至终末细支气管)腔内都衬有纤毛细胞。Purkinje等首先发现呼吸道中有能摆动的纤毛的存在。1934年,Lucas等提出了粘液纤毛清除作用的两层模式,纤毛在低粘度的溶胶层(纤毛周围液)内摆动,在有效摆动时,纤毛顶端伸入上层粘液“毯”或凝 One of the most important defensive functions of the respiratory tract is through the removal of inhaled particles, endogenous cellular debris and excessive secretions from the tracheal bronchial tree by mucociliary clearance. Effective scavenging requires a sufficient number of cilia to swing in a coordinated manner at a reasonable rate and in a consistent direction and needs to interact with the physicochemical properties of the mucus to act as a transporter. The entire tracheal bronchial tree (until the end of the bronchioles) lined with ciliated cells cavity. Purkinje and others first found that there is swinging cilia in the respiratory tract. In 1934 Lucas et al. Proposed a two-layer model of mucociliary clearance, which clumsily swings within a low-viscosity sol layer (the ciliary body fluid) that, when effectively swung, protrudes into the upper mucus “carpet” or coagulation