史学研究固在求真,这是中国传统史学的基本诉求和特点,至少在先秦时期史官因为真实记载一再被杀也不改变初衷的事实上体现得很清楚1,清朝的乾嘉考据学派以文献整理和解读的接近原貌进一步强化了中国史学求真的特性;西方兰克学派的求真求实也有同样的诉求2。这种史学流派我们可以用“实证”两个字概括,它是迄今为止大多数史学家采用的方法,也是众多史学流派当中最有代表性的,属于主流派别。在中国大陆,这种实证史学的地位似乎更坚固,虽然近年因受外界影响而出现许多新的 Historical research is solid, this is the basic appeal of traditional Chinese history and features, at least in the pre-Qin period because of the real record of repeatedly killed or not change the original intention is clearly reflected in 1, The closeness of collation and interpretation further reinforces the authenticity of Chinese historiography; the same is true of the Truth and Truth of the Western Frankish School. This historical school we can use “empirical ” summed up the word, it is by far the method used by most historians, but also among the most representative of the many schools of history, are the mainstream factions. In Mainland China, the status of this positivist historiography seems to be more solid, although in recent years there have been many new