目的观察利多卡因静脉注射对芬太尼诱导小儿咳嗽的影响。方法择期手术患儿93例,拟于全身麻醉下进行,年龄4~10岁,体质量10~35 kg,性别不限,ASA分级Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法将其分为3组:对照组(C组)31例、利多卡因0.5 mg/kg组(L1组)31例、利多卡因1.0 mg/kg组(L2组)31例。L1和L2组于麻醉诱导静脉注射芬太尼2~3μg/kg前经超过65 s分别静脉注射利多卡因0.5 mg/kg和1.0 mg/kg,C组给予同等剂量生理盐水。记录患儿麻醉诱导期咳嗽的发生情况及严重程度。结果与C组比较,L1组与L2组患儿咳嗽的发生率与咳嗽的严重程度降低(P<0.05或<0.01);L1、L2组间比较,上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论利多卡因静脉注射可抑制芬太尼诱导的小儿咳嗽。 Objective To observe the effect of lidocaine intravenous injection on fentanyl-induced pediatric cough. Methods Ninety-three children undergoing elective surgery were enrolled in this study. They were under general anesthesia and were aged 4 to 10 years old. The body weight ranged from 10 to 35 kg. There were no gender differences. ASA was classified as grade I or grade II. Groups: 31 cases in the control group (C group), 31 cases in the lidocaine 0.5 mg / kg group (L1 group) and 31 cases in the lidocaine 1.0 mg / kg group (L2 group). In the L1 and L2 groups, lidocaine 0.5 mg / kg and 1.0 mg / kg were intravenously injected for more than 65 s before the induction of intravenous injection of fentanyl 2 to 3 μg / kg respectively. The rats in group C were given the same dose of normal saline. Record the incidence and severity of cough during induction of anesthesia in children. Results Compared with group C, the incidence of cough and the severity of cough in both L1 and L2 groups decreased (P <0.05 or <0.01). There was no significant difference between L1 and L2 groups (P> 0.05 ). Conclusion Intravenous lidocaine can inhibit fentanyl-induced pediatric cough.