在纯粹的内在性观念中,只有一个世界,在其中自然、神、人和其他一切可能的存在共同组成一个秩序,在这个世界之外再无其他的存在。韦伯和列文森都认为,中国政治的传统主义特征与儒教的内在性观念有关。君主按照其自然的倾向,具有中央集权和理性变革的动机,但是士人阶层为了维护其自身的地位和利益,依靠其在意识形态领域的垄断地位,有力地抑制了君主的集权与理性化冲动。这两位学者对于西方宗教伦理的超越性观念的执著和自信背后,固然有深厚的宗教情怀与扎实的学术研究作为支撑。但是超越性概念本身,含有浓厚的形而上学意味。 There is only one world among the purely internal ideas, in which nature, God, man and all other possible existence together form an order without any other existence beyond this world. Both Weber and Levinson hold the view that the traditional characteristics of Chinese politics are related to the Confucian concept of internality. In accordance with their natural tendency, the monarch has the motive of centralization and rational transformation. However, in order to safeguard its own status and interests, the scholar class has strongly suppressed the monarch’s centralization and rationalization impulse by virtue of its monopoly in the field of ideology . Behind the persistence and self-confidence of these two scholars for the transcendental idea of ​​Western religious ethics, there are certainly deep religious sentiments and solid academic research as their support. However, the concept of transcendence itself has a strong metaphysical meaning.