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通过土柱培养试验,研究土壤中氮、磷、重金属在污泥堆肥、猪粪堆肥土地利用后30天内的淋失规律。研究发现,混合土层与土壤底层中硝氮及磷酸盐在添加有机物料后30天内不断溶出,而氨氮在有机物料施用后的5～10天内溶出风险最大;有机物料的施入显著提高了土壤中重金属Cu和Zn的水溶性,混合土层Cu、Zn的淋失含量分别在施用有机物料后第2天与第5天达到峰值,并逐渐向下迁移,使土壤底层Cu的溶出量逐渐升高,Zn的溶出量在5～10天达到最高,其中污泥堆肥处理最明显。土壤溶解性有机碳含量也在施用有机物料后短期内有明显的增加,并显著影响土壤中氮、磷、重金属的短期淋失量。以上结果表明,土壤中氮、磷、重金属在施用有机物料后短时间内就有淋失风险,对地下水造成较大威胁。因此,应该特别关注有机物料土地利用后污染物在短期内的排放及其控制措施,减轻对土壤生态系统的短期冲击,减少对环境污染的风险。
Soil column experiment was conducted to study the leaching pattern of nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in the soil within 30 days after land use of sludge compost and pig manure composting. The results showed that the nitrate and phosphate in the mixed soil and the bottom layer of the soil were continuously dissolved within 30 days after the organic material was added, while ammonia nitrogen had the highest risk of being dissolved within 5 to 10 days after the organic material was applied. The application of organic material significantly increased soil The contents of heavy metals Cu and Zn were water-soluble. The contents of leaching Cu and Zn in the mixed soil reached the peak values on the 2nd and 5th days after the application of organic materials, respectively, and gradually decreased to make the leaching amount of Cu in the soil gradually increase High, Zn elution reached the highest in 5 to 10 days, of which sludge composting was the most obvious. Soil dissolved organic carbon also significantly increased shortly after the application of organic materials, and significantly affected soil nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metal short-term leaching loss. The above results show that nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in soil have the risk of leaching within a short period of time after application of organic materials, posing a great threat to groundwater. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the short-term emission of organic pollutants after land use and its control measures to reduce the short-term impact on soil ecosystems and reduce the risk of environmental pollution.