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目的了解我国学龄前儿童血清维生素B12(VB12)的营养状况。方法描述性流行病学研究;对来自北京、珠海、重庆、武汉4城市2002名2岁～7岁儿童进行体格检查、膳食调查、血常规筛查及血清VB12水平测定。结果⑴2002名儿童平均血清VB12水平为775pg/ml,市区(835pg/ml)高于郊区(720pg/ml,P<0.001),其中北京840pg/ml、珠海772pg/ml、重庆756pg/ml、武汉735pg/ml,地区间差异显著(P<0.001);⑵学龄前儿童平均血清VB12水平在各年龄组间有明显差异(P<0.05),无性别差异(P>0.05);⑶2002名儿童血清VB12缺乏(血清VB12<200pg/ml)检出率为1.5%,边缘性缺乏(血清VB12200pg/ml～300pg/ml)检出率为3.2%,市区儿童血清VB12缺乏和边缘性缺乏检出率(3.6%)低于远郊(5.9%,P<0.05)。其中北京、珠海、重庆、武汉4城市儿童血清VB12缺乏和边缘性缺乏检出率分别为0.4%、3.5%,0.2%、3.0%,0.2%、1.9%,5.2%、4.6%;⑷儿童血清VB12水平主要受膳食VB12摄入量的影响(P<0.001)。2002名儿童平均膳食VB12摄入量为2.2μg/d,市区(2.4μg/d)高于郊区(2.0μg/d,P<0.05)。北京、珠海、重庆、武汉4城市儿童平均膳食VB12摄入量分别为2.8、2.6、1.9、1.6μg/d,差异显著(P<0.001)。结论⑴我国学龄前儿童存在VB12缺乏,以边缘性缺乏为主。⑵学龄前儿童血清VB12水平高于成人,血清VB12水平有随年龄增长而降低的趋势,提示血清VB12水平存在年龄差异。⑶学龄前儿童膳食VB12摄入量的高低决定血清VB12水平的高低。
Objective To understand the nutritional status of serum vitamin B12 (VB12) in preschool children in China. Methods A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted; 20022-year-old to 7-year-old children from4 cities of Beijing, Zhuhai, Chongqing and Wuhan performed physical examination, dietary survey, blood routine screening and serum VB12 levels. Results (1) The average serum VB12 level of children with pneumonia was 775pg / ml in 2002 and 835pg / ml in urban areas (720pg / ml, P <0.001), including 840pg / ml in Beijing, 772pg / ml in Zhuhai and 756pg / (P <0.001); (2) The average level of serum VB12 in preschool children was significantly different among all age groups (P <0.05), but no gender difference (P> 0.05); ⑶2002 children’s serum VB12 The detection rate of lacking (serum VB12 <200pg / ml) was 1.5%. The detection rate of borderline deficiency (serum VB12200pg / ml ~ 300pg / ml) was 3.2% and the detection rate of VB12 deficiency and borderline deficiency 3.6%) than in the outer suburbs (5.9%, P <0.05). Among them, the detection rates of VB12 deficiency and borderline deficiency in children in Beijing, Zhuhai, Chongqing and Wuhan were 0.4%, 3.5%, 0.2%, 3.0%, 0.2%, 1.9%, 5.2% and 4.6% VB12 levels were mainly affected by dietary VB12 intake (P <0.001). The mean dietary intake of VB12 for children with the diet was 2.2 μg / d in 2002 and 2.4 μg / d in urban areas (2.0 μg / d, P <0.05). The mean dietary intake of VB12 for children in Beijing, Zhuhai, Chongqing and Wuhan was 2.8, 2.6, 1.9 and 1.6 μg / d respectively, with significant difference (P <0.001). Conclusions (1) There is a lack of VB12 in preschool children in our country, which is mainly marginalized. (2) The level of serum VB12 in preschool children was higher than that in adults, and the level of serum VB12 decreased with age, suggesting that the serum level of VB12 was different in age. (3) The dietary intake of VB12 in preschool children determines the level of serum VB12.