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目的 观察小切口椎旁肌间隙入路短节段固定结合伤椎置钉治疗胸腰椎骨折的围术期及近期疗效.方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年7月,我院收治的46例胸腰段椎体骨折患者,其中采用椎旁小切口肌间隙入路治疗24例(椎旁小切口组),传统正中入路治疗22例(传统手术组).比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间,末次随访时采用Oswestry功能障碍指数(oswestry disability index,ODI)评估临床疗效.结果 两组患者年龄、性别、身高、体重、体质量指数、术前疼痛视觉模拟评分、术前ODI比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性.椎旁小切口组平均手术时间(114.5±26.3)min,传统手术组平均手术时间(105.7±23.4)min,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).椎旁小切口组平均术中出血量(118.6±32.1)ml,传统手术组平均术中出血量(217.4±41.5)ml,差异有统计学意义(P0.05 ). There were significant differences in the intraoperative blood loss: minimally invasive group ( 118.6 ± 32.1 ) ml, conventional group ( 217.4 ± 41.5 ) ml ( P < 0.05 ). There were significant differences in the hospitalization stay:minimally invasive group ( 3.8 ± 1.1 ) days, conventional group ( 5.4 ± 1.4 ) days ( P < 0.05 ). There were significant differences in the ODI in the final follow-up: minimally invasive group ( 15.9 ± 11.4 ), conventional group ( 30.1 ± 15.2 ) ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusions Minimally invasive paraspinal muscle approach has the advantages of being less invasive and quick recovery, but further investigations are still needed to confirm the long term effects.