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本文报告经手术病理证实的食管平滑肌瘤８例，男５例，女３例，年龄３０～５８岁。５例术前经Ｘ线钡剂造影或内窥镜检确诊，经开胸行肿瘤摘除术；３例行开胸瘤体食管切除、食管胃吻合术，其中行食管癌、贲门癌根治切除术中发现食管平滑肌瘤各１例，另１例术前误诊为食管中段癌经术后病理证实。作者分析了肿瘤的病理分型、误诊原因、手术适应证及手术方式。食管Ｘ线检查是诊断该病的重要方法；不典型的瘤体食管Ｘ线钡剂造影像或瘤体长度小于１ｃｍ时内窥镜检具有十分重要意义。粘膜外肿瘤摘除加肌层修补术是目前简便、安全、损伤小的理想术式。
This article reports 8 cases of esophageal leiomyoma confirmed by surgery and pathology, 5 males and 3 females, aged 30 to 58 years old. Five cases were diagnosed by X-ray barium angiography or endoscopy before operation, and thoracotomy was performed. 3 cases underwent esophageal resection and esophagogastric anastomosis, including esophageal and cardiac cancer radical resection. One case of esophageal leiomyoma was found in each case, and the other case was misdiagnosed as preoperatively pathologically confirmed by postoperative pathology. The authors analyzed the pathological type, misdiagnosis reasons, indications for surgery and surgical methods. The esophageal X-ray examination is an important method for diagnosing the disease; endoscopic examination is very important when the atypical tumor esophageal x-ray tincture imaging or the length of the tumor is less than 1cm. Extramural tumor removal plus muscle repair is currently an easy, safe, minimally invasive procedure.