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[目的]为喀斯特山区小麦的保优、节本、高效栽培提供理论依据。[方法]试验在贵州大学农业高科技示范园进行,供试品种为贵农19,在土壤原有肥力的基础上,设计6个不同的施肥处理,测定不同处理小麦叶片硝酸还原酶活性、叶绿素含量根系活力,研究肥料与小麦生理特性、产量和品质的相关性。[结果]在相同施肥量前提下,前氮后移喷施能提高小麦产量10.4%。小麦产量、蛋白质、面筋含量和沉降值与肥料用量之间呈显著正相关。除蜡黄期外,各生长期叶片硝酸还原酶活性与肥料用量之间呈显著正相关,灌浆期以前根系活力与肥料用量之间呈极显著正相关。[结论]小麦孕穗期以后进行2次叶面追肥,能够提高肥料利用率,促进小麦生长发育,提高其产量和品质。
[Objective] The research aimed to provide the theoretical basis for the cultivation of wheat in the Karst mountains and its economical and efficient cultivation. [Method] The experiment was carried out in Agricultural High-tech Demonstration Garden of Guizhou University. The tested variety was Guinong19. Based on the original soil fertility, six different fertilization treatments were designed. The nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll Content of root activity, fertilizer and wheat physiological characteristics, yield and quality of relevance. [Result] With the same amount of fertilization, the pre-nitrogen spray application could increase the yield of wheat by 10.4%. There was a significant positive correlation between wheat yield, protein, gluten content and sedimentation value and fertilizer application. In addition to the waxy stage, there was a significant positive correlation between nitrate reductase activity and the amount of fertilizer at each growth stage. There was a significant positive correlation between the root activity and the amount of fertilizer before the filling stage. [Conclusion] Two foliar topdressing treatments after booting stage of wheat could improve fertilizer utilization rate, promote the growth and development of wheat and increase its yield and quality.