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【目的】鉴于在缺锌土壤上施用锌肥不仅可提高水稻产量,而且也能显著提高水稻籽粒锌含量,本研究旨在揭示不同品种锌肥和施用方法在提高水稻产量和籽粒锌含量方面的差异。【方法】以水稻品种‘镇稻11号’为供试材料,于2011年5月至2012年11月在大田条件下设置4组试验:试验1,富锌稻种的生产制备与籽粒锌含量的染色鉴定试验,设水稻常规种植(CK)和生育期连续喷施5次硫酸锌(Zn SO_4·7H_2O,Zn)2个处理;试验2,不同品种锌肥土壤施用试验,设不施锌肥对照(S1)、土施Zn SO_4·7H_2O(S2)、土施氮锌复合肥(Urea-Zn,S3)、土施磷锌复合肥(Mosaic-Zn,S4)、土施钾锌复合肥(Kali-Zn,S5)、富锌种苗移栽(S6)和Zn SO_4·7H_2O蘸秧根移栽(S7)7个处理;试验3,不同品种锌肥叶面喷施试验,设不施锌肥对照(F1)、孕穗期喷施Zn SO_4·7H_2O(F2)、开花期喷施Zn SO_4·7H_2O(F3)、孕穗期和开花期各喷施Zn SO_4·7H_2O(F4)、开花期与农药一起喷施Zn SO_4·7H_2O(F5)、开花期喷施Kali-EPSO-Zn(F6)和开花期喷施ADOB-IDHA-Zn(F7)7个处理;试验4,富锌稻种育苗种植比较试验,设常规稻种(CK-grain)和富锌稻种(Zn-grain)育苗种植2个处理,研究其对水稻产量及构成、各器官(叶片、茎秆和籽粒)锌含量和累积分配的影响。【结果】1)在水稻生育期进行叶面高浓度和高强度的喷锌方式可制备富锌稻种,且可采用双硫腙(DTZ)染色直观鉴定籽粒锌含量。2)施用锌肥显著提高水稻产量和锌含量,且不同锌肥品种和施用方法间差异显著。3)土壤施锌各处理平均增产效果显著高于叶面喷锌5.2%;与土壤施锌处理相比,叶面喷锌各处理的叶片、茎秆和籽粒锌含量的平均值则分别显著提高224.6%、78.5%和12.1%。4)在土壤施锌条件下,不同锌肥品种中氮锌复合肥(S3)和钾锌复合肥(S5)的增产效果显著高于磷锌复合肥(S4),而在叶面喷锌条件下,以Kali-EPSO-Zn处理(F6)提高水稻各器官锌含量的能力显著高于ADOBIDHA-Zn处理(F7)和Zn SO_4·7H_2O处理(F3)。5)较常规稻种(CK-grain),应用富锌稻种(Zn-grain)育苗种植的水稻产量和籽粒锌含量分别提高4.6%和3.9%。【结论】结合锌肥土施增加水稻产量和喷施增加籽粒锌含量的田间应用效果,因地制宜地综合采用土施氮锌复合肥和喷施钾锌复合肥的配合施肥方法以及选用富锌稻种育苗种植,可协同实现最佳的锌肥利用效率、最大程度地稳产增产和提高稻米的锌营养品质。
【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to find out that the application of Zn fertilizer in zinc-deficient soil can not only increase the yield of rice, but also significantly increase the zinc content in rice grain. This study aims to reveal the effects of different zinc fertilizers and application methods on rice yield and grain zinc content difference. 【Method】 With rice variety ’Zhendao 11’ as test material, four sets of experiments were set up under field conditions from May 2011 to November 2012: Experiment 1: Production and Zinc Content (CK) and 5 treatments of zinc sulfate (Zn SO 4 · 7H 2 O, Zn) were sprayed continuously during the growth period. Experiment 2: Soil zinc fertilization experiment with different varieties of zinc fertilizer Control (S1), Zn SO 4 4.7H 2 O (S2), Urea-Zn (S3), Mosaic-Zn (S4) Kali-Zn, S5), Zn-rich seedlings transplanting (S6) and Zn SO 4 · 7H 2 O transplanting seedlings transplanting (S7) .Test 3, different varieties of zinc fertilizer foliar spray test, (F1), spraying Zn SO 4 · 7H 2 O (F2) at booting stage, spraying Zn SO 4 · 7H 2 O (F3) at flowering stage, spraying Zn SO 4 · 7H 2 O (F 4) at booting and flowering stage, (F5), spraying Kali-EPSO-Zn (F6) in the flowering stage and ADOB-IDHA-Zn (F7) in the flowering stage. Experiment 4: Comparison of the cultivation of Zn-rich rice seedlings with Zn SO 4 · 7H 2 O Test, set conventional paddy (CK-grain) and zinc-rich rice (Zn-grain) nursery Two treatments were conducted to study the effects of different treatments on the yield and composition of rice, the zinc content and the cumulative distribution of various organs (leaves, stems and grains). 【Result】 1) Zinc-rich rice species could be prepared by high-concentration foliar spraying and high-intensity zinc spraying during rice growth period. Dithizone (DTZ) staining could be used to identify the grain zinc content. 2) The application of zinc fertilizer significantly increased the rice yield and zinc content, and the differences among different zinc fertilizer varieties and application methods were significant. 3) The average yield increase of zinc application in soil was significantly higher than that of zinc spraying in leaf treatment. Compared with zinc application, the average zinc content in leaves, stems and grains of all treatments were significantly increased 224.6%, 78.5% and 12.1%. 4) Under the conditions of zinc application in soil, the yield of nitrogen and zinc compound fertilizer (S3) and potassium and zinc compound fertilizer (S5) of different zinc fertilizers were significantly higher than that of phosphorus and zinc compound fertilizers (S4) , The ability of Kali-EPSO-Zn treatment (F6) to increase zinc content in various organs of rice was significantly higher than that of ADOBIDHA-Zn treatment (F7) and Zn SO4-7H2O treatment (F3). 5) Compared with conventional CK-grain, rice yield and grain zinc content raised by 4.6% and 3.9% respectively by Zn-grain seedling. 【Conclusion】 Combining the field application effect of zinc fertilizer with increasing yield of rice and increasing the grain zinc content by spraying, the compound fertilizing method with soil-applied nitrogen and zinc compound fertilizer and potassium-zinc compound fertilizer combined with the application of zinc-rich rice seed Seedling cultivation can be synergistic to achieve the best efficiency of zinc fertilizer use, to maximize yield stability and improve zinc nutritional quality of rice.