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目的探讨气象因子对洞庭湖区血吸虫的中间宿主——钉螺的影响,为控制和消灭钉螺提供科学依据。方法采用线性趋势和相关分析方法,分析钉螺的变化趋势及与气象因子的关系。结果 1988-2012年洞庭湖区尚有钉螺总面积呈显著增加的趋势,增加速率为24 543.4 km2/10a,且以为垸外增加为主。近25年随着洞庭湖区气候变暖变干,尚有钉螺总面积有扩大的趋势。气候变暖导致钉螺和日本血吸虫在钉螺内生长发育季节均延长,生长发育期内积温呈增加趋势。暴雨洪涝和高洪水位导致钉螺扩散,面积增大。长时间连续性的极端干旱事件导致钉螺面积减小,而极端雨雪冰冻天气导致钉螺死亡率高。结论气象因子对洞庭湖区钉螺面积、生长发育等产生明显影响。
Objective To investigate the effect of meteorological factors on the snail of Schistosoma japonicum in the Dongting Lake region and provide a scientific basis for the control and elimination of snails. Methods Linear trend and correlation analysis were used to analyze the trend of Oncomelania snail and its relationship with meteorological factors. Results From 1988 to 2012, the total area of Oncomelania snails in the Dongting Lake area showed a significant increase, with an increase rate of 24 543.4 km2 / 10a. In the past 25 years, with the climate change in the Dongting Lake becoming dry, there is still an overall trend of increasing snails. Climatic warming caused snails and Schistosoma japonicum growth and development in the Snail season are extended, during the growth and development of accumulated temperature showed an upward trend. Rainstorm floods and high flood led to the snail spread, area increased. Extreme long-duration drought events lead to reduced snail snail area, while extreme rain, snow and frozen weather lead to high mortality snail. Conclusion The meteorological factors have a significant effect on snail area, growth and development in Dongting Lake area.