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本文以小麦锈菌群体毒性结构和变异方面的研究进展为例,评介了植物—病原菌群体遗传学的原理和方法。采用单基因系作鉴别寄主后,就能够确定锈菌毒性基因组成及其频率。Groth 提出的理论模型描述了品种变动所引起的锈菌毒性频率的变化,但小麦秆锈菌二十余年的田间标样分析表明,毒性变化状况更为复杂,寄主抗病性也并非影响毒性变化的唯一因素。Vanderplank 用定向选择和“稳定化选择”解释病菌毒性频率的变化,但大量精细实验和小种鉴定结果提供了不利于这一假说的证据。虽然由于人们对植物和病原菌群体间相互作用的遗传学和生物学细节知之甚少,现在还不能对此得出最终结论,但这不表明 Vanderplank 可能是完全正确的。
In this paper, the research progress of toxic structure and variation of wheat rust fungus population was taken as an example to review the principles and methods of plant-pathogen population genetics. Using a single gene line to identify hosts, one can determine the virulence of virulence genes and their frequencies. The theoretical model proposed by Groth describes the change in the frequency of virulence caused by variety changes. However, more than 20 years of wheat stalk rust analysis showed that the change in toxicity was more complicated and the host resistance was not affected by toxicity The only factor for change. Vanderplank explained the change in the virulence frequency of pathogens with directed selection and “stabilization selection,” but a large number of fine experiments and rater identification provide evidence that is detrimental to this hypothesis. Although little is known about the genetic and biological details of the interactions between plant and pathogenic populations, the ultimate conclusion can not be reached yet, but this does not indicate that Vanderplank may be completely correct.