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目的:评估高流量鼻导管(HFNC)治疗成人Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭的效果及相关因素。方法:回顾性总结2017年10月至2019年2月在安徽医科大学附属阜阳医院重症监护室用HFNC治疗的Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭成人患者。记录患者的临床特点、HFNC治疗1 h后和24 h后的呼吸参数。避免插管被定义为治疗成功，并将患者分为成功组及失败组。结果:75例患者纳入研究，47例(62.7%)治疗成功。HFNC在最初24 h内显著改善了成功组的动脉氧分压(PaOn 2)、动脉血氧饱和度(SaOn 2)、呼吸频率(RR)和心率(HR)(n P<0.05)。在调整其他临床变量后，急性生理和慢性健康评估Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)、序贯器官衰竭评估(SOFA)、心源性肺水肿、1 h和24 h的PaOn 2改善与HFNC治疗成功相关。总体病死率为25.3%(19/75)，失败组患者的病死率为67.9%(19/28)。失败组的死亡与升压药的使用和1 h PaOn 2的无改善有关(n P<0.05)。n 结论:HFNC能显著改善急性Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭成人患者的生理参数并避免一部分患者气管插管。24 h时氧合无改善是插管的有效预测指标。在失败组中，升压药的使用、氧合无改善与病死率相关。“,”Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and related factors of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) for the treatment of adult typeⅠ respiratory failure.Methods:The medical records of the subjects with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure supported by HFNC therapy in the medical intensive care unit between October 2017 and February 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients′ baseline characteristics and the serial changes in the respiratory parameters after HFNC therapy at 1 and 24 hours were measured. Therapy success was defined as the avoidance of intubation. The subjects were divided into two groups.Results:Of the 75 eligible patients, 62.7%(47/75) belonged to success group. Overall, HFNC therapy significantly improved the physiologic parameters, such as partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaOn 2), saturation of arterial oxygen (SaOn 2), respiratory rate (RR), and heart rate (HR), throughout the first 24 hours. After the adjustment for the other clinical variables, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and PaOn 2 improvement at 1 and 24 hours were associated with therapy success. The overall intensive mortality was 25.3%. However, out of 37.3% of the patients who required belonged to failure group, the mortality was 67.9%. The mortality in the failure group was associated with the use of a vasopressor and a limited PaOn 2 improvement at 1 hour.n Conclusions:HFNC can significantly improve the physiological parameters of adult patients with acute type I respiratory failure and avoid endotracheal intubation in some patients. The failure to improve oxygenation within 24 hours was a useful predictor of intubation. Among the failure group, the vasopressor use and failed oxygenation improvement were associated with mortality.