目的　探讨围术期应用抗生素预防剖宫产术后感染的医学及经济学意义。方法　采用前瞻性随机实验方法 ,对比观察 12 2例剖宫产围术期及常规用药两组的临床效果及经济学效果。结果　与常规用药组相比 ,围术期用药组的临床指标均不亚于常规组 ;而平均住院日、术后平均住院日及住院费用等经济学指标明显优于常规组。结论　围术期应用抗生素是预防剖宫产术后感染的有效、合理、低成本的理想方法 Objective To explore the medical and economic significance of perioperative antibiotics in preventing post-cesarean infection. Methods A prospective randomized trial was conducted to compare the clinical effects and economic effects of 122 cesarean sections during the perioperative period and the conventional treatment. Results Compared with the conventional medication group, the clinical indexes of the perioperative medication group were as good as those of the conventional group. The economic indexes such as average length of stay, postoperative average length of stay and hospitalization were significantly better than those of the conventional group. Conclusion Perioperative antibiotics is an effective, reasonable and cost-effective method to prevent infection after cesarean section