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利用木垛法、建材烟密度仪和热重分析仪研究了磷酸二氢铵阻燃松木的燃烧性能、生烟特性及热解特性。结果表明,常压浸渍过程中浸渍时间的延长可以提高松木中磷酸二氢铵的载药量,浸渍90min时效果最佳。与未处理材相比,添加磷酸二氢铵明显减少了松木燃烧过程中的质量损失和有焰燃烧时间,但增加了燃烧时的烟释放。热重分析表明,磷酸二氢铵降低了松木在热解阶段的初始分解温度、峰值分解温度和表观活化能,缩短了热解区间,并提高了最终残炭量,从而有效提高松木的阻燃性能。而磷酸二氢铵在燃烧过程中脱水成炭导致炭微粒的增加,增加了松木的烟密度。
The burning performance, smoke producing characteristics and pyrolysis characteristics of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate fire-retardant pine were studied by woodpile method, building material smoke density meter and thermogravimetric analyzer. The results show that the impregnation time of atmospheric pressure impregnation can increase the loading of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in pine wood, and the best effect is obtained when immersed for 90min. Addition of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate significantly reduced the mass loss and flaming burning time of the pine burning process compared to the untreated material, but increased the smoke release during combustion. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that ammonium dihydrogen phosphate reduced the initial decomposition temperature, peak decomposition temperature and apparent activation energy of the pyrolysis stage of pine wood, shortened the pyrolysis interval, and increased the final carbon residue, thereby effectively increasing the resistance of the pine wood Burning performance. However, the dehydration of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate into carbon during combustion leads to the increase of carbon particles and the smoke density of pine wood.