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面对战国乱世,孟子与庄子从不同的理论原点出发,建构出各自不同的理想社会构想。他们在此既表现出对现实社会的批判与省思,又透显出殷切的政治关切与人生关怀。尽管他们的理想社会构想有着根本性的差异,但是他们无一例外地都是从“人”的维度去省思与建构的。比较来看,孟子与庄子的理想社会构想在对“人”的存在及其价值关切上是有所区别的,孟子将“人”的存在及其价值安放在现实社会与伦常关系中,而庄子则试图将“人”从现实社会与人伦关系中抽离出来;同时,庄子将追寻个人纯粹的自由与逍遥视为“人”存在的终极旨归与价值所在。
Faced with the war-torn country, Mencius and Chuang-tzu proceeded from different theoretical origins and constructed their own different ideal social conceptions. Here, they both show their critiques and reflections on the real world, revealing their ardent political and life concern. Despite their fundamental differences in their ideal social conceptions, they are all thought and constructed from the “human” dimension without exception. In comparison, the ideal social conception of Mencius and Zhuangzi differ in their existence and their value concerns. Mencius places the existence and value of “man ” in the relationship between reality and society While Zhuangzi tries to pull out “man ” from the relationship between the real society and human relations. At the same time, Zhuangzi will pursue the ultimate purpose and value of the existence of “man ” as pursuing personal pure freedom and freedom.