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目的分析深圳市市伤害发生的分布特点及流行规律,为制定伤害预防与控制策略提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样,分别抽取了深圳市级医院、区级医院、镇级医院各一家,以2006年1月～2009年12月到上述3所医院急诊科就诊的伤害首诊患者作为研究对象。结果 2006～2009年深圳市伤害监测系统共报告病例217 786例,漏报率5.68%,卡片错填率6.06%;性别比2.03;以15～45岁组居多(占72.12%),平均年龄(27.74±14.92)岁;以工人(28.87%)、商业/服务业(24.68%)和办事人员(10.53%)为主。伤害发生原因主要为跌落(27.88%)、钝器伤(24.27%)及动物伤(16.88%);伤害程度以轻度为主(占86.56%),多发于上肢(36.50%);伤害多发生于家中(26.69%)、工业建筑场所(20.68%)、公路/街道(20.51%);伤害部位以上肢(36.50%)、下肢(23.01%)和头部(22.12%)为主。结论医院急诊伤害监测真实反映伤害发生情况,是获得深圳市非致死性伤害信息的重要来源。应针对职业伤害开展有效的预防与控制策略与措施。
Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics and epidemic patterns of injuries in Shenzhen City and provide basis for making injury prevention and control strategies. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select one city-level hospital, one district-level hospital and one town-level hospital respectively. From January 2006 to December 2009, the first visit to the emergency department of the three hospitals was conducted. Object Results A total of 217 786 cases were reported in Shenzhen Injury Monitoring System from 2006 to 2009, with an underreporting rate of 5.68%, a card false positive rate of 6.06%, a sex ratio of 2.03, a majority of 15 ~ 45 age group (72.12%), an average age of 27.74 ± 14.92) years old; mainly workers (28.87%), commercial / service industry (24.68%) and clerks (10.53%). The main causes of injury were fall (27.88%), blunt trauma (24.27%) and animal injury (16.88%). The main injuries were mild (86.56%) and multiple upper extremities (36.50%). At home (26.69%), industrial buildings (20.68%) and highways / streets (20.51%); injuries were mainly upper limbs (36.50%), lower limbs (23.01%) and head (22.12%). Conclusion The emergency monitoring of hospital emergency response reflects the actual occurrence of injury and is an important source of non-fatal injury information in Shenzhen. Effective prevention and control strategies and measures should be taken for occupational injuries.