目前中间弹道学研究的基本问题之一是确定炮口装置内部及其出口的气流参数。其中奥尔洛夫理论由于其对气流分布描述得较细致而特别值得注意,但是,在奥尔洛夫的几本著作中存在一个基本错误。本文以奥尔洛夫理论为基础,对他的错误做了修正,分析了流经炮口装置的气流,并且提出一个炮口装置受力与能量效率的计算方法。该方法与各种口径火炮的实验结果符合较好。 At present, one of the basic problems of intermediate ballistics research is to determine the gas flow parameters inside the muzzle device and its outlet. Of these, Orlov’s theory is particularly noteworthy because of its narrower air flow distribution, but there is a fundamental error in several of Orlov’s books. Based on Orlov’s theory, this paper corrects his mistakes and analyzes the airflow passing through the muzzle device, and proposes a method to calculate the force and energy efficiency of the muzzle device. This method is in good agreement with the experimental results of various caliber guns.