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苦豆(Sophora alope)为豆科槐属有毒灌草,性味苦寒有毒,其化学成分是地上部分含生物碱6.11～9.03%,种子含8.11%,种子有氧化苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、金雀花碱、苦参碱、槐果碱、槐定碱和尼古丁等生物碱。全草叶中还含糖类和蛋白质。苦豆草全株味极苦、性寒、有毒,具有清热解毒、抗菌消炎的作用,民间用根治疗喉痛、咳嗽、痢疾及湿疹等。我国药典1977年版已将“苦豆草片”加以收载,主治痢疾及肠炎,国外早在30年代初苏联开始研究,国内开始于1972年。国内外研究的重点主要在生物碱上,现在在传统医学领域临床常用于治疗赤痢、牙痛、湿疹顽癣、烫伤、妇科湿热带下;现代医疗主要是提取有效成分如苦参素照射液治疗慢性乙肝[1],2%苦豆子总碱乳膏治疗银屑病[2],等等。
Sophora alope is a poisonous shrub for the leguminous genus, which is very bitter, cold and toxic. Its chemical composition is 6.11 to 9.03% of alkaloids on the ground, 8.11% of seeds, and oxymatrine and scopolamine. , cytisine, matrine, sophocarpine, sophoridine and nicotine alkaloids. The whole grass also contains sugars and proteins. The bitter bean plant has extremely bitter taste, cold and toxic. It has the functions of clearing away heat, detoxifying, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory. The folk root is used to treat sore throat, cough, dysentery and eczema. The 1977 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia has included the “Bitter Bean Paste Tablets” for the treatment of dysentery and enteritis. It began to be studied abroad as early as the Soviet Union in the early 1930s, and it began in 1972 in China. The focus of research at home and abroad is mainly on alkaloids. Now it is commonly used in the traditional medicine field to treat jaundice, toothache, eczema stubbornness, scald, and gynecological wet tropical. Modern medicine mainly extracts active ingredients such as oxymatrine irradiation to treat chronic diseases. Hepatitis B [1], 2% bitter sophora total alkali cream treatment of psoriasis [2], and so on.