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美国的医疗保险大致分为两类,一是综合性保险,参加者可享受“免费”医疗,二是非综合性医疗保险,参加者需根据合同的要求自付一定比例的医药费。“免费”医疗会不会在医疗保健方面造成浪费是许多人关心的问题。为了弄清两种保险方法的利弊,十年来美国联邦政府已拨款七千万美元资助兰德公司研究各种医疗保险的效果,并且取得了初步成果。兰德公司1981年发表的调查报告表明,(美国参加医疗保险看病不拿钱的人平均每年就诊的次数比看病需自付部分药费的人要多30％以上,前者平均每年住医院的次数也比后者多30％以上)。既然享受“免费”医疗的人看病次数多、住院的时间长,那么他们健康状
The medical insurance in the United States can be broadly divided into two categories. First, comprehensive insurance, participants can enjoy “free” medical care, and second, non-integrated medical insurance. Participants must pay a certain percentage of medical expenses according to the requirements of the contract. Whether “free” medical care will cause waste in healthcare is a concern for many people. In order to clarify the advantages and disadvantages of the two insurance methods, the US federal government has allocated US$70 million to support Rand Corporation’s research on the effects of various medical insurances over the past decade, and has achieved initial results. According to a research report released by the Rand Corporation in 1981, the number of people who do not have access to medical insurance in the United States visits on average each year is more than 30% more than the number of people who need to pay a portion of their medical expenses. The average number of hospital visits per year for the former Also more than 30% more than the latter). Since people who enjoy “free” medical care have many visits to the hospital and stay in hospital for a long time, then they are healthy.