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无论中西美学存在怎样的差异,对美之根源的本体论探询都是必然发生的。因“理念”和“天道”的文化差异,中西古代美学的本体论具有不同的形态,但又因其同属古代范畴而具有历史的共同性。近代以来人的个体感性地位的提升导致柏拉图理念世界的崩塌,本体论的人学重构成为西方美学的新课题;中国传统本体论自宋明以来亦出现明显的变化,形成不同于西方美学的独特的运行轨迹。人的存在有个体性和社会性两个方面,本体论的人学重构亦有“生存本体”和“历史本体”两个维度;前者偏重内在生命,它为“历史本体”提供人性的理想和导向,后者偏重外部生活,它为“生存本体”提供现实的根基和底蕴。本体论的人学重构以对峙互补的方式呈现出来,一旦割裂两者的关系,无论何者胜出,内外两个维度将同时发生变异并随之收敛封闭;中国“后实践美学”所崇尚的“生存本体”正是这种变异的产物。审视并勾连百年来本体论人学重构的历史,推进“生史二本”的发展,这是中国美学从古代突围的基本途径。
No matter what the difference between Chinese and Western aesthetics, the ontological inquiry into the root of beauty is inevitable. Due to the cultural differences between “idea” and “heaven”, the ontology of Chinese and Western ancient aesthetics has different forms, but because of its common category, it has the same history. Since the rise of the individual’s perceptual status in modern times, it has led to the collapse of the world of Platonic philosophy and the reconstruction of ontological humanism as a new topic of western aesthetics. Since the Song and Ming Dynasties, Chinese traditional ontology has also undergone obvious changes, forming a different form from western aesthetics Unique running track. The existence of man has both individuality and sociality. The reconstruction of anthropology of ontology also has two dimensions: “living entity” and “historical entity”. The former emphasizes inner life, which is “the historical entity ”To provide the ideals and guidance of human nature, the latter emphasis on external life, it “ living ontology ”to provide the real foundation and background. Ontological Renaissance is presented in the way of confrontation and complementarity. Once the relationship between the two is broken, no matter which one wins out, both the inner and the outer dimensions will change at the same time and converge and close. The advocacy of post-practice aesthetics in China “Living ontology ” is the product of this variation. It is the basic way for Chinese aesthetics to break through ancient times by examining and concocting the history of the ontology of human studies for a hundred years and promoting the development of “two books of life and history.”