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中国的国有企业改革,如果从1956年算起,至今已有30多年了,中间经过“文化大革命”,使包括企业改革在内的经济改革陷入停滞状态,到1978年中共十一届三中全会,改革之风才再临中华大地。从1978年至今改革也已经历了14个年头了。综观这一阶段的改革实践和学术界关于国有企业改革的争论,本文认为,国有企业大体是按照三种思路进行改革的,其一为放权让利为主式的改革,其二为以承包经营责任制为代表的改革,其三为所有权多元化。以下就沿着这三种思路逐步展开分析。
The state-owned enterprise reform in China has been more than 30 years since 1956. After the “Cultural Revolution” in the middle, the economic reforms including enterprise reforms have stagnated, and the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1978 It was only after the wind of reform came to the land of China. Reforms have also gone through 14 years since 1978. Looking at the reform practice at this stage and the debate on the reform of state-owned enterprises in the academic circles, this paper believes that state-owned enterprises generally carry out reforms according to three lines of thinking. One is the reform based on decentralization and power-off, and the other is the responsibility for contracting operations. As a representative of the reform, the third is ownership diversification. The following is a gradual analysis along these three lines of thought.