脊髓灰质炎病毒是人类脊髓灰质炎的致病原,其Sabin 1型减毒活疫苗用于预防人脊髓灰质炎,性能优良,生产和使用的历史较长。该疫苗的cDNA作为基因工程表达载体,有很多独特的优点。近年来,国内外一些实验室以此载体表达外源基因,进行嵌合病毒和嵌合疫苗的研究。本文简述脊髓灰质炎病毒Sabin 1型株的分子生物学及其作为表达载体的应用进展。 Poliovirus is the causative agent of human polio and its live attenuated Sabin 1 vaccine is used for the prevention of human poliomyelitis with excellent performance and long history of production and use. The vaccine cDNA has many unique advantages as a genetically engineered expression vector. In recent years, some domestic and foreign laboratories to express foreign genes using this vector for chimeric virus and chimeric vaccine research. This article briefly describes the molecular biology of the Sabin 1 strain of poliovirus and its application as an expression vector.