ABSTRACT Malaria is a major problem for European travelers to endemic regions. In Romania during 1980-2007 approximately20 imported cases were detected annually. The aim of our short communication is to present2 interesting cases of imported malaria detected in West Romania. The first patient was a20-year female who traveled to India and acquired an infection with Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax). The second patient, a60-year female, contracted an infection withPlasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) during a trip to Ghana; the evolution of the disease was severe with many complications and the patient finally died. The cases presented revealed the difficulties in establishing a correct diagnosis of malaria in a non-endemic country, consequences of an incomplete taken anamnesis. Travel history should always represent a mandatory part of a well conducted investigation. At the same time, we must underline the importance of a correct and complete prophylaxis prior to every departure to tropical countries.