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本文采用微观企业面板数据,运用投入产出表构建前后向关联指标,引入基于地理距离的空间权重矩阵,探讨FDI是否通过前后向的关联提升了中国制造业企业的生产率。研究发现,就全国范围看,FDI通过前向关联,提高了我国企业的生产率,但没有通过后向关联对企业生产率有所影响。纳入地理距离因素后,外资的前向关联技术外溢效应仍存在,但数值有所下降。这说明,地理距离影响着FDI通过产业关联产生的技术外溢效果。分地区回归结果显示,外资的前向关联对企业生产率的促进作用,在东部地区为正且显著,中西部地区为负;后向关联无论在东部和中西部地区都不存在。可见,外资在东部地区的集聚,并没有通过产业关联将先进技术扩散到中西部地区,从而对企业的生产率产生影响。
In this paper, the micro-enterprise panel data is used to construct the index before and after the correlation using input-output tables, and the spatial weight matrix based on geographic distance is introduced to explore whether FDI improves the productivity of Chinese manufacturing enterprises through forward-backward linkages. The study finds that, judging from the perspective of the whole country, FDI improves the productivity of Chinese enterprises through forward relation, but it does not affect the productivity of enterprises through backward association. With the inclusion of geographical distance factors, the effect of the forward-affiliated technology spillover of foreign capital still exists, but the value has declined. This shows that the geographical distance affects the technology spillover effect that FDI generates through industrial association. The result of subregion regression shows that the promotion effect of the forward connection of foreign capital on enterprise productivity is positive and significant in the eastern region and negative in the central and western regions. The backward relation does not exist in the eastern and central and western regions. It can be seen that the agglomeration of foreign capital in the eastern region has not brought advanced technologies into the central and western regions through industrial relations, thus affecting the productivity of enterprises.