90年代作战行动虽然针对伊拉克的高强度作战行动于1991年底结束,但美国及其盟友此后在伊拉克北部和南部地区继续实施了代号分别为“北部观察”和“南部观察”的“禁飞区”行动。当伊拉克防空力量击落了美国和英国各1架飞机之后,遭到了美国及其盟友的反击。1996年8月31日,伊拉克军队攻击并占领了伊北部的库尔德族城市艾尔比尔。对此,美军实施了“沙 Although operations against high-intensity operations in Iraq ended in the end of 1991 in the 1990s, the United States and its allies have since continued to implement in northern and southern Iraq codes of ”northern observation “ and ”southern observation “No-fly zone ” action. After the Iraqi air defenses shot down one aircraft each from the United States and Britain, they were countered by the United States and its allies. On August 31, 1996, Iraqi forces attacked and occupied Erbil, the Kurdish city of northern Iraq. In response, the U.S. military has implemented “sand.”