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研究了用两种不同放射线治疗鼻咽癌时,照射野外重要组织器官的受照剂量,为临床合理选用放射线,优化治疗计划提供剂量依据。借用非均匀组织等效拟人体模型,模拟鼻咽癌放射治疗,预先在拟人体模型的所关注的靶外器官内埋置热释光剂量计,尔后分别在~(60)Co机及电子直线加速器的6 MV X线上按常规设野照射模型。~(60)Coγ射线照射时,对于不同部位的不同组织器官,采用各不相同的屏蔽方法。用~(60)Co γ射线治疗时对眼晶体、视网膜以铅进行阴影屏蔽时受照剂量下降了约20％,对睾丸进行接触屏蔽时剂量下降了75％。结果表明,眼晶体、垂体、甲状腺可发生病理性改变,在治疗鼻咽癌时应尽可能选用直线加速器,若用~(60)Coγ射线治疗,须用阴影屏蔽的方法来降低照射野外紧邻部位组织的剂量。
In this study, we investigated the doses of irradiated tissues and organs in two different types of radiation for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and provided dose basis for the rational selection of radiation and the optimal treatment plan. The non-uniform tissue equivalent humanoid model was simulated to simulate the radiation therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The thermostated dosimeter was embedded in target organ of interest in humanoid model beforehand, and then placed in ~ (60) Co machine and electron straight line Accelerator 6 MV X-ray irradiation on the conventional model. ~ (60) Co γ-ray irradiation, for different parts of different tissues and organs, using different shielding methods. When treated with ~ (60) Co γ-rays, the exposure dose decreased by about 20% for shadowing of the retina with retinal shadowing of lead and by 75% for shielding of the testis. The results show that the ocular lens, pituitary and thyroid pathology may occur pathological changes in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma should be used when possible, linear accelerator, if the use of ~ (60) Co gamma rays, the shadow mask method to be used to reduce exposure to the field next to the site Tissue dose.