Central nervous system (CNS) injuries and neurodegenerative diseases show a broad spectrum of common pathophysiological processes, including oxida-tive stress, neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, demyelination and neurotrans-mission dysfunctions. Over the past decades, valuable experimental investi-gations have helped to clarify the role and timing of these multiple molecular and cellular mechanisms in each of these particular disorders, which usually overlap and critically contribute to long-term disability. However, up to now, no definite cures or effective disease-modifying therapies are available for any of these conditions. This has led to an active search of novel therapeutic ap-proaches, including the repositioning of existing drugs for new indications, as a valid approach to promptly move candidate molecules to clinical trials.