麻疯树Jatropha curcas L.作为一种新兴的生物柴油型能源树种已经得到广泛的认可,关于它的各项研究持续升温。文中综述了近年来国内外关于麻疯树分子生物学方面的研究进展,一是揭示麻疯树遗传多样性和系统分类的分子标记研究;二是全面解析麻疯树分子网络的基因组、转录组和蛋白质组研究;三是以培育优质高抗品系为目标的代谢和发育调控相关基因的分离、克隆和功能研究;最后讨论了目前研究的不足和麻疯树未来分子生物学研究的方向。 Jatropha curcas L. has been widely recognized as a new biodiesel energy tree species and its research on it continues to heat up. In this paper, the progress in the molecular biology of Jatropha curcas in recent years is reviewed. The first is the molecular marker research to reveal the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Jatropha curcas. The other is to comprehensively analyze the genomes and transcriptomes of Jatropha curcas And proteomics research. The third is to isolate, clone and function the genes related to metabolism and development regulation, which are aimed at cultivating high quality and high resistance strains. Finally, the current research and future directions of molecular biology are discussed.