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黄宗羲在《〈明儒学案〉发凡》中说:“尝谓有明文章事功,皆不及前代,独于理学,前代之所不及也,牛毛茧丝,无不辨析,真能发先儒之所未发。”~①诚然,就理学,尤其是心学的发展而言,明代是一个高峰。明儒在宇宙论、本体论方面的建构虽不及宋儒,但在心性阐发方面,的确达到了“牛毛茧丝,无不辨析”的程度。就明代儒学的整体而言,阳明之前,朱子学占据了主流。阳明之后,
Huang Zongxi said in the that “there are clear texts and tastes, none of them are compared with the previous generation, only in the science of reason, It is true that in the history of science, especially in the development of psychology, the Ming Dynasty was a peak. Although Confucianism Confucianism was not as good as Song Confucianism in the construction of cosmology and ontology, it did indeed reach the level of ”clues, no discrimination". As far as the overall Confucianism in Ming Dynasty was concerned, Zhuang Xue dominated before Yangming. After Yangming,