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莎士比亚作品不朽的魅力,来自于莎士比亚对语言出神入化的运用。在一定程度上,可以说莎士比亚对英语的纯熟应用奠定了由中世纪英语过渡到伊丽莎白时代近代英语的一座里程碑。国内的研究者早就注意到莎士比亚作品中丰富的词汇,生动的比喻,一词多义现象造成的幽默滑稽效果。莎士比亚在他的作品中显示了独特的语言创造能力和善于操纵及发展词汇意义的能力。在大学英语本科的英国文学课中也要选入他的戏剧和十四行诗,供学生们学习欣赏。然而,伊丽沙白时代的英语和当代英语有着明显的不同。英语不仅在发音和语法上,而且在词义和单词用法上都发生了很大变化。使大学生在读莎士比亚的作品时感到困难。对于非英语国家的学生来说,莎士比亚的作品就更不易读懂。但是如果对莎士比亚语言的语法结构和用词特点有一宏观的了解,那么在阅读他的作品时就相对容易了。本文试图就莎士比亚语言的词汇特点和语法结构加以归纳,希望对读者能有一定的帮助。
The immortal charm of Shakespeare’s work comes from Shakespeare’s superb use of language. To a certain extent, it can be said that Shakespeare’s skillful application of English laid a milestone in the transition from medieval English to modern English in the Elizabethan era. Domestic researchers have long noticed the humorous and funny effects caused by the polysemy phenomenon in abundant words, vivid metaphors in the works of Shakespeare. Shakespeare in his work shows a unique ability to create language and good at manipulating and developing the vocabulary meaning. His English drama and her sonnets are also to be included in her English literature at undergraduate English for students to learn and appreciate. However, there is a clear difference between Elizabethan English and contemporary English. English is not only pronounced and grammatically, but also greatly changed in meaning and word usage. It makes college students feel hard to read Shakespeare’s work. For non-English speaking students, Shakespeare’s work is even harder to read. But if you have a general idea of the grammatical structure and the characteristics of words in Shakespeare, it is relatively easy to read his work. This article attempts to summarize the vocabulary features and grammatical structures of Shakespearean language, hoping to be of some help to readers.