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不同的历史学有相同的历史对象,但却没有相同的研究目的。正是每种历史学各有不同的研究目的才决定了每种历史学的各自不同的风格和价值。另外,历史学内部的各个专门史之间虽有不同的研究对象,但专门史之间的研究对象的不同并不等于作为整体的历史学的历史对象的不同。关键在于,必须确立历史学的理性基础。只要缺乏理性批判的自觉意识,那么,历史借鉴就只能沦为历史影射和历史比附,历史依据也必然沦为为独断专行的现行政策强辞辩护的“历史证据”。
Different histories have the same historical objects, but not the same research purposes. It is precisely because each historical study has its own research purpose that determines the different styles and values of each historical study. In addition, although there are different research objects among the various specialized histories within history, the differences between the research objects in the specialized histories are not equal to the historical objects in the whole. The point is that the rational basis of history must be established. As long as there is no conscious awareness of rational criticism, historical reference can only be reduced to historical reflection and history, and historical evidence must inevitably be reduced to “historical evidence” of the justification of the current policy of arbitrary behavior.