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清咸同年间,中国近代历史上爆发了第一次波澜壮阔的革命运动——太平天国农民革命运动。受此革命运动浪潮的影响,信仰伊斯兰教的回族同胞,紧随时势,先后举旗,加入运动的阵营。其中,以灵州金积堡为中心、以马化龙为领袖的宁夏地区最具代表性。长久以来,针对这一时期的回民反清运动,学术界的调查、研究从未停止,并且取得了丰硕成果。但就有些问题,尤其是对于领袖人物的评价、对于边疆、民族地区的发展稳定问题乃至对整个边疆、民族地区的治理问题,成果较少,值得作进一步的探究。故就该时期回民反清运动领袖人物之马化龙的评价问题,略做一些梳理,以期能将对领袖人物的评价问题、边疆、民族地区的治理问题推向深入。
In the same year, in the same year, the first magnificent revolutionary movement in China’s modern history broke out - the Taiping Heavenly Peasant Revolutionary Movement. Influenced by the tide of this revolutionary movement, the Muslim Hui compatriots who believe in Islam have followed the trend and have held flags and joined the movement camp. Among them, the Ningxia area with Lingbao as the center and Ma Hualong as the leader is the most representative. For a long time, against the anti-Qing movement of Muslims in this period, the academic investigation and research never ceased and achieved fruitful results. However, some problems, especially for the evaluation of the leaders, have shown less success in the development and stability of frontier and minority areas and even in the governance of frontier and minority areas as a whole. They deserve further exploration. Therefore, on the assessment of Ma Hualong, the leader of the anti-Qing movement in that period, some brief reviews were made on the evaluation of leaders and the governance problems in frontier and minority areas.