水痘所致心脏并发症是罕见的。作者报道组织学证实的水痘心肌炎,出现危及生命的心律失常重症患儿两例。病例1为11岁女孩,有小头,畸形严重发育迟缓及四肢痉挛性瘫痪。入院前3周出现典型水痘皮损。入院前心率正常。入院后体检 ECG 示完全性房室传导阻滞,心房率150/min,心室率50/min,下壁T 波倒置。胸部 X 线示心脏中度扩大,肺静脉瘀血。 Cardiac complications caused by chickenpox are rare. The authors report histologically confirmed chickenpox myocarditis, two cases of critically ill children with life-threatening arrhythmias. Case 1 was an 11-year-old girl with a small head, severe deformity and limb spastic paralysis. Three weeks before admission, a typical varicella lesions appear. Heart rate before admission is normal. After admission, physical examination ECG showed complete atrioventricular block, atrial rate 150 / min, ventricular rate 50 / min, lower wall T wave inversion. Chest X-ray showed moderate heart expansion, pulmonary vein bleeding.