传统理论认为 ,资源配置由政府与市场“两只手”完成 ,市场失败是政府干预的原因 ,而政府失败又是市场化改革的原因 ,然而 ,非利润组织的产生为资源配置增添了“第三只手”。作为一种社会自组织形态的“非利润组织” ,它填补了由于市场与政府同时失败留下的空白 ,通过对其产生原因、配置效率的分析 ,为中国“非利润组织”的生成提供有益的启示。 The traditional theory holds that the allocation of resources is completed by the “two hands” of the government and the market. The failure of the market is the reason why the government intervenes. The failure of the government is also the reason for the market-oriented reform. However, the emergence of non-profit organizations adds “ Three hands. ” As a form of social self-organization, “non-profit organization”, which fills the gap left by the simultaneous failure of the market and the government, analyzes its causes and allocation efficiency to provide benefits for the formation of “non-profit organizations” in China Inspiration.