以三乙胺、氯乙酸乙酯和壳聚糖等为原料,采用酯交换法合成了壳聚糖季铵盐。用红外光谱分析确定了合成壳聚糖季铵盐的结构。并探讨了最佳合成条件:壳聚糖与季铵化的氯乙酸乙酯物质的量之比为1∶3,反应温度为90℃,反应时间5·0h,季铵化产率可达99%。 Chitosan quaternary ammonium salt was synthesized by transesterification with triethylamine, ethyl chloroacetate and chitosan as raw materials. The structure of the synthesized chitosan quaternary ammonium salt was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The optimum synthesis conditions were also discussed: the ratio of chitosan to quaternized ethyl chloroacetate was 1: 3, the reaction temperature was 90 ℃, the reaction time was 5.0 h, and the yield of quaternization was up to 99 %.