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不锈钢阴极板的平直性差直接影响电解铜的质量。从材料学的角度,采用金相、FESEM、EDS和XRD研究了极板的硬度、晶粒度、微观组织特征和残余应力等。结果表明,引起316L不锈钢阴极板变形的有:316L不锈钢的预变形度不足,造成不均匀的再结晶奥氏体组织;从极板剥离电解铜的机械过程中极板各位置受力不均匀;以及极板表面残余应力分布的不均匀,且这些影响因素间存在一定的关联性。提出了解决变形的措施,这些措施可有效提高316L不锈钢阴极板的平整度及耐腐蚀性。
Poor straightness of stainless steel cathode plate directly affects the quality of electrolytic copper. From the perspective of material science, the hardness, grain size, microstructure and residual stress of the plate were studied by metallography, FESEM, EDS and XRD. The results show that the deformation of 316L stainless steel cathode plate is caused by the lack of pre-deformation of 316L stainless steel and the inhomogeneous recrystallization austenite structure. As well as the uneven distribution of residual stress on the surface of the plate, and there is a certain correlation between these factors. Proposed to solve the deformation measures, these measures can effectively improve the 316L stainless steel cathode plate flatness and corrosion resistance.