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中國国民经济和社会发展的第一个五年計划開始于一九五三年,至一九五七年完成。这期間建立了一批新工業部門,增强了东北、华北、西南地区以及沿海城市的基础工业实力。五年内,工业总产值平均每年增长百分之十八。一九五八年,中国开始实行第二个五年计劃,旨在繼續推進以重工业为中心的工业建设,以此來武装國民經济各部门。這個五年計劃一開始實行,就由於經济指導工作上的失誤,加上三年自然災害和蘇聯撕毀合同,使整個國民經濟進入困難時期。一九六一年以後,中國調整經濟,生產有了恢復,到一九六五年,農業和輕重工業總產值超過了一九五七年的发展水平。八年間,工農业总产值平均每年增長百分之六。
The first five-year plan for China’s national economic and social development began in 1953 and was completed in 1957. During this period, a number of new industrial departments were established, which strengthened the basic industrial strength in Northeast, North China, Southwest China and the coastal cities. Within five years, the gross industrial output value has increased by an average of 18% annually. In 1958, China started implementing the second five-year plan with the aim of continuing to promote industrial construction centered on heavy industry in order to arm various departments of the national economy. The five-year plan was put into operation at the very beginning and due to mistakes in economic guidance, combined with three years of natural disasters and the Soviet Union’s tearing up of contracts, brought the entire national economy into a difficult time. After 1961, China resumed its economy and production was restored. By 1965, the total output value of agriculture, light and heavy industries exceeded the level of development in 1957. In the past eight years, the gross industrial and agricultural output value increased by an average of 6% each year.