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为了解两性可育、遗传性状稳定的异源四倍体鲫鲤基因组的进化情况,用ISSR,AFLP分子标记及cyclin A1和B1基因克隆的方法,从多倍体基因组和单个基因在多倍体形成前后的变化两个角度对上述问题进行了探讨分析.研究结果表明,异源四倍体鲫鲤经过连续15代培育,仍然保持了原始亲本遗传性状的稳定性,但基因组的遗传相似性及cyclins基因的碱基变异水平都说明异源四倍体鲫鲤具有明显的偏母性遗传特性.ISSR和AFLP分析表明,在异源四倍体鲫鲤基因组中,除了新产生的、原始亲本中没有的DNA条带外,还发生了原始亲本的DNA带纹消失,而且消失的带纹倾向于父本基因组.cyclins基因序列分析表明,在异源四倍体鲫鲤不同于原始亲本的核苷酸变异位点中,由于存在密码子单个碱基的非同义突变导致了异源四倍体鲫鲤新的氨基酸位点的产生.异源四倍体鲫鲤上述基因组的非加性变化,可能是应对杂交和多倍化冲击而使其趋于遗传稳定的一种适应性变化.
In order to understand the evolution of genomes of allotetraploid crucian carp with stable sexually transmitted and sexually transmitted traits, the polyploid genomes and single genes were cloned by using the methods of ISSR, AFLP and cyclin A1 and B1 cloning The results showed that the allotetraploid crucian carp maintained the stability of the inheritance traits of the original parents after 15 generations of subculture, but the genetic similarity of the genome and All of the genomic variations of cyclins showed that the allotetraploid crucian carp had obvious partial maternal genetic characteristics.ISSR and AFLP analysis showed that in the allotetraploid crucian carp genome, DNA bands of the original parents also disappeared, and the disappearing bands tended to the paternal genome.Cyclins gene sequence analysis showed that in allotetraploid crucian carp different from the original parent nucleotide Mutation sites, due to the presence of a non-synonymous mutation of a single base codon causative allotetraploid crucian carp new amino acid sites generated allotetraploid crucian carp the genome of the non-additive change , It might be to the hybridization and polyploidy impact it tends to change an adaptive genetic stability.